urban, urbane

It was an early warm day and Maury and I were sitting on a patio having a beverage (one each, actually). I had just answered a question for Maury when I heard a familiar British accent say, “Who said urban?”

It was Marcus Brattle, my mentee, now 16 years old and devoted as ever to hip-hop. He had rolled up on a skateboard, no mean feat with his pants around his ankles.

“Well,” I said, looking from young Marcus to the rather more seasoned Maury, “here is a study in the difference a letter can make.” I paused for effect. I gestured to Marcus. “Urban.” I turned to Maury. “Urbane.”

“We’re all urban,” Maury pointed out. “We all live in the city.”

“True,” I said, “and while I love the fresh air of the country and a nice walk among the trees, I don’t mind not having to say rural all the time. The same ‘rrr’ as in urban but with more of the same. I like the nice ‘bun’ of urban. But –” I turned again towards Marcus – “Marcus here likes what is often called urban music. Even though it is much beloved of suburban youths.”

“I’m not suburban,” Marcus said.

“True dat,” I said. “I would have to say Maury’s tastes are more urbane, though. Jazz and classical. Everything smoother. Just as urbane is urban with an e, to be urbane is to be urban with ease.”

“I might say,” Maury said, “that urbane is to urban as humane is to human. The e word is characteristic of those most positive qualities associated with the non-e word.”

“And like humane from human, urbane was originally just an alternative version of urban,” I said. “And of course they’re all from Latin.”

“Speaking of smooth,” Marcus said, “what are you drinking?”

We raised our glasses in unison and said, “Bourbon.”

“Not bourbane?” Marcus smirked a little at his own witticism. “And why are you sitting outside?”

“Because we can,” Maury said.

“Although I would be happy away from the smoke,” I said, glancing towards its source at a nearby table. “Say, do you know who instituted the world’s first smoking ban?”

Semi-expectant blank looks from both other parties.

“Pope Urban VII,” I said. “He threatened to excommunicate anyone who took tobacco in a church or on its porch, whether by chewing, sniffing, or smoking.”

“Didn’t his papacy last only 13 days?” said Maury.

“True,” I said. “Must have been the tobacco lobby.”

“So why were you talking about urban anyway?” asked Marcus.

Maury and I looked at each other for a moment, brows furrowed. I blinked a couple of times. Then Maury said, “Japan.”

“Ah, yes,” I said.

“I guess Japan is urban,” Marcus said, “but so is China, so is…”

“Well, and Japan is especially urban in China,” I said.

“What?” Marcus gave me a please-make-sense look.

“Mandarin for ‘Japan’ is pronounced pretty much exactly like urban,” I said. “That’s what I was saying.”

Marcus raised one eyebrow. “I’m certain that with that tidbit of information I am well on my way to becoming more urbane.” He dropped his skateboard on the ground, swatted my hat off my head and sailed off.

“Ur-bane of my existence,” I said, and got up to grab my urban turban.

ultramarine

What does this word look like? I think it sort of looks like a long boat, maybe a ferry or a cruise ship, or some other long vessel curved at the front and back bottom corners and with a large superstructure near the back and a smaller one (perhaps just a sphere or dish) near the front. But it has a fair few vertical lines in it, and some amount of symmetry – aside from the ascenders at one end and dot at the other, there’s the ramar in the middle. In saying it, too, you have /m/ on the lips in the middle and liquids (plus one stop) on the tongue tip on either side of it.

How would it look if someone made it a deep blue, do you suppose? What if Yves Klein came along and claimed it as his artwork by painting it with International Klein Blue: ultramarine (computer screens don’t really quite get that colour). Would that make it more valuable, more expensive, more illuminating?

Never mind the shape and sound, though: you’re going to notice the parts in it pretty quickly. It’s obviously ultra and marine. OK, so what do you know about those two parts?

Your average person will see ultra and will think ‘extremely’: ultra-violent, ultra-orthodox, that super-high-test gasoline labelled Ultra on the pump that you never buy, and so on. Actually, ultra is Latin for ‘beyond’. The colour ultraviolet is so named because it is beyond the violet on the spectrum, not because it’s extremely violet. (How could it be? You can’t even see it, generally – it’s beyond the range of your eyes.)

As to marine, it has two main things that it brings to mind: boats and the Marine Corps. You don’t necessarily associate the Marines with the sea, but that’s where their name comes from. Marine is from an adjectival form of Latin mare ‘sea, ocean’. So marine life, marina, marination (because the sea is briny and so is what you’re marinating that steak in), and so on.

What is ultramarine? The odds are pretty good that you already know. Actually, the odds are not bad that you know more than one thing it refers to. If you play Warhammer 40,000 you may know the Ultramarines as superhuman warriors (a movie was even made about them, as in a real movie in our world). If you’re a marine engineer, you may know Ultramarine as the makers of MOSES, a marine environment simulation software for modelling stresses when designing such things as drilling platforms. If you’re a marine (as opposed to freshwater) fish hobbyist, you may know UltraMarine as a magazine. If you’re into ambient house music, you may know the musical group Ultramarine (here’s a YouTube link to their piece “Stella”: www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0us_pzLvZk). If you like the books of Malcolm Lowry, you will recognize Ultramarine as his first novel, published in 1933. If you buy gas in some parts of Canada, you might think of Ultramar, a gas company that is named after its former parent company, originally a South African mining company formed to explore Venezuelan opportunities.

But if you’re practically anyone, you’ve very likely seen the word ultramarine as the name of a colour. A deep blue colour. Deep like the blue of lapis lazuli, like International Klein Blue. OK, yes, if you’re not a modern art lover you may not know IKB; it’s a deep blue that the artist Yves Klein used as his signature colour, painting all sorts of things with it and thus claiming them as his artworks. As it happens, IKB relies heavily on ultramarine. And ultramarine, originally, was made from lapis lazuli.

Ultramarine was a – not popular, because it was extremely expensive – highly valued pigment in art for a long time. Johannes Vermeer used it in his famous Girl with a Pearl Earring. Medieval illuminated manuscripts and paintings would use it for the robe of the virgin and others, partly because it was so lovely and partly because it was so expensive. It was so expensive because it was very difficult to make and its primary ingredient, lapis lazuli, was expensive and hard to procure. It came from Asia, you see, on the far side of the Mediterranean and even Black and Caspian seas.

Which is why it is called ultramarine. Not because it is an incredibly deep version of the colour of the sea. Just because it came from beyond the sea. Its sources could actually be accessed by land; it just happens that that was not the normal trade route, and for very good reason: mountains are much more treacherous and slow going than waves. So it came from beyond the eastern coast of the Mediterranean, an area itself known during the Crusades as Outremer, a French version of ultra maris, for the same reason – it was on the far side of what in those days was their deep blue yonder.

Where English got all those English words other languages borrowed

In my latest article for TheWeek.com, on the changes that happen to English words when they are “borrowed” into other languages (“How foreign languages mutate English words”), I cite about three dozen words that other languages have borrowed from English and changed some way. But what I don’t mention is how those words got into English in the first place.

What, you didn’t think they just appeared fully formed in English from nowhere, did you?

Here’s the real truth: We did to other languages as other languages then did unto us. Many of our stolen nestlings are actually changelings. Here’s where we got each of the words from:

weekend: from week + end (obviously), which come from Old English wice and ende, which in turn come from Proto-Germanic, as Old English itself did

baseball: base from French bas, from Latin basis; ball from Old English ball

thrill: from Old English þyrlian, which meant ‘penetrate’ and came from a word for ‘hole’ that is the source of the tril in nostril

ballpoint pen: we’ve already covered ball; point from Old French point and pointe, both from Latin pungere ultimately; pen from Old French penne ‘feather’, from Latin penna

corner: from Old French corniere, from Latin cornua, ‘horn, point’

screwdriver: screw from Middle French escroue, which may have been borrowed from Germanic languages; driver from Old English drifan

bath: from Old English bæð

parlor: from Old French parleor, from parler ‘speak’

stadium: from Latin, which got it from Greek stadion; in both cases it referred to a race track and a unit of distance (like calling a track a “quarter-mile”)

medicine: from Latin medicina

brilliant: from French, which got it from Italian and ultimately from Latin beryllus ‘beryl, precious stone’

office: from Latin officium, ‘service, duty, ceremony’

blouse: the source of this one is actually uncertain; it may come from French or Provençal, perhaps from a word for ‘wool’

doctor: ultimately from Latin doctor, ‘teacher’

orange: by way of various languages, from Arabic naranj, which got it from Persian narang, which got it from Sanskrit naranga. It may well be that Tamil did not get it from English – this is what my research source indicated, but I am coming to have second thoughts about that, what with Tamil being so close to the home of Sanskrit and all.

chocolate: from Nahuatl (Aztec) xocolatl ‘bitter water’

microphone: an English invention from Greek parts: mikros ‘small’ and phoné ‘sound’

brandy: shortened from brandewine, from Dutch brandewijn ‘burnt wine’

cigarette: from French, a diminutive form of cigare, which French got from Spanish cigarro

calf: from Old English cealf

pig: presumably from Old English, though it doesn’t show up in any extant Old English texts (adult pigs were called swine)

nervous: from Latin nervosus, from nervus ‘nerve, sinew’

late: from Old English læt

anonymous: from Latin anonymus, from Greek anonymos

handy: formed in Middle English from hand, which comes from Old English, from Proto-Germanic, etc.

bodybag: body from Old English bodig ‘torso’; bag from Early Middle English bagge, probably from Old Norse baggi

salary man: salary ultimately from Latin salarium ‘salt money’; man from Old English, unchanged

one piece: one from Old English an; piece from Old French, probably from Gaulish (a Celtic language)

front glass: front from Old French front ‘forehead, brow’, from Latin frontem; glass from Old English glæs

open car: open from Old English, unchanged; car from Latin carrum, carrus referring to a Celtic two-wheeled war chariot, taken from the Gaulish word karros

gown: from Old French goune, from Late Latin gunna ‘leather garment, hide’

father: from Old English fæder

washing day: washing from wash (of course) from Old English wascan; day from Old English dæg

smoking: from Old English smoca

So out of 42 source words, 18 came from Old English (and Old English got them from Anglo-Saxon, which got them from Proto-Germanic, etc.), while 20 came from French and/or Latin, and the rest from elsewhere. But, with the exception of pure inventions, every word that came from some language came into that language from somewhere else – an older version of the language, perhaps, which got it from a language that evolved into that language, and so on back, or perhaps a different language again. Words mutate and evolve. As we can see.

What English words get up to when they’re not at home

My latest article for TheWeek.com is on the changes that happen to English words when they are “borrowed” into other languages:

How foreign languages mutate English words

It comes complete with about three dozen examples – though of course there are many, many more out there…

CamelCase

Does this look like a brand name for a company that makes packing cases, either for camels or somehow purporting to have camel-like qualities? That’s because CamelCase (also called camelCase and camel case) is often used in branding – indeed, ordinary non-tech-geek people seldom have any reason to encounter it in anything else.

CamelCase is one of those nice words (like hiss) that exemplify what they name. (So is camelCase, but camel case is not). What it refers to is the practice of putting capitals in the middle of a word – or, most typically, in the middle of a concatenation of words, to make it easier to see where one word ends and another starts in the conglomeration. (CamelCase capitalizes at word or morpheme beginnings; random or quasi-random capitalization, lIkE tHis soRt Of ThinG, is called studlycaps.)

The reasons for even needing camelCase come down to one: theNecessityOrDesirabilityOfLeavingOutSpaces. There are circumstances where spaces are inconvenient or simply unavailable. In brand names, a phrase of common words may not be trademarkable, whereas a concatenation may be (e.g., MasterCard, WordPerfect). In much computer coding, a space separates terms, so if you want to name a variable or similar entity with a phrase, you have to do so without spaces. (Back when you only had CAPITAL LETTERS on computers – until the early-mid ’80s – camelCase wasn’t even an option.) The same goes for things such as hashtags. In fact, I was reminded of camelCase yesterday when I saw this tweet from @benjyraymunson:

You’d think that the whole #nowthatcherisdead hulalbaloo would lead to a discussion of parsing ambiguity & the importance of CamelCase

Indeed. Context tells us that the hashtag should be parsed as #nowThatcherIsDead, but an uninformed reader could take it as #nowThatCherIsDead. CamelCase could also help some rather unfortunate website URLs, such as penisland.com (should be PenIsland.com) and speedofart.com (meant to be SpeedOfArt.com, nothing to do with bathing suits and flatulence) – although for very good reasons URLs are not case-sensitive, so you can’t keep your camels humpy.

There is another condition in which camelCase is often seen: syllable acronyms – words made of the first syllables of other words. These used to be more popular, but letter acronyms (made with just the initials) have taken over now. They can still be seen in place names, and CamelCase survives variously in them – it often wears down to standard capitalization: SoWeTo, from South West Township, now often Soweto; SoHo, from South of Houston (in New York; Houston Street is at the bottom of the numbered streets), now often Soho; and so on. It arose naturally enough in this context because these names have become single words but they bear the traces of their clipped proper nouns. It can also be argued that CamelCase is also used in chemical formulae, e.g., NaCl, but those are not pronounced as written (NaCl is said as “sodium chloride”), so it’s a different case.

An alternative to camelCase, not available in all contexts but popular in file names, is snake case, or should I write snake_case: spaces are replaced with underscores. This is clearer but requires more characters, and the underscore is a minor nuisance to type. (Hyphens in place of underscores can be used in some places but not in others.)

I just assume it is clear why camelCase is called what it is: a word thus capitalized has humps like a camel. The term was apparently invented by Newton Love, a computer programmer; the first citation for it is from 1995, although he came up with it some time before that. The practice therefore predates the name considerably; the older way of naming it is medial capitals or any similar descriptive term. There are two types: upper CamelCase, wherein the first letter is also capped, and lower camelCase, wherein the first letter is not capped. I’m tempted to call these Bactrian and dromedary, respectively, but no one else does, and anyway, there’s often more than one medial hump per word.

situated, located

Dear word sommelier: I have several Francophone colleagues who use “situated” rather than “located” everywhere, since the usual French word is “situé(e).” How do I explain the difference to them?

Geez, ask me something easy sometime. This is actually a tricky one because Anglophones tend to use them interchangeably a lot of the time, and in many cases it’s unnecessary stuffing either way:

The washrooms are located on the second floor.

The washrooms are situated on the second floor.

You can argue about which seems better, and it’s a viable argument, and we’re about to talk about it, but you should not overlook the fact that the best way to say that is

The washrooms are on the second floor.

But the question remains what difference it makes when you do use one or the other. And it does make a difference, not so much of denotation but of tone and of expected entailment and context. Each word has echoes of other words and is seen in particular collocations.

Located is often used with centrally, conveniently, ideally, strategically, physically, and abroad; things can be located at, between, close to, in, near, on, outside, within, etc. It’s used, in short, to establish the location – a spot on a map, a set of coordinates. It’s a common word, sometimes used in conversation, often used in stiff business writing and real estate ads.

Locate is also used to mean ‘find the location of’ and ‘put in a location’:

I have located the water fountain in the northwest corner of the garden. [This can mean you found it there or you put it there.]

Situate does not have the ‘find’ meaning; you can only mean one thing when you write

I have situated the water fountain in the northwest corner of the garden.

(In either case, if that’s what you mean, put or placed or installed would also be a viable option.)

Situated is less used in casual conversation, but it also used in the real-estate-ad kind of prose, in collocations with beautifully, delightfully, ideally, picturesquely, pleasantly, well, conveniently, inconveniently, centrally, remotely, and quietly. Notice the emotional tone: situated sits more pleasantly in the mind. And for many users, situated bears the context more in mind. You are located on a spot, but you are situated in a… well, in a situation. Situate also tastes of site (related) and sit (not related).

So when you’re talking about where something is, just as a spot on the map, located works:

Hamtramck is located in Wayne county, Michigan.

But when you’re talking about the context, situated can work well:

Lhasa is situated at the bottom of a small basin in the Himalaya mountains, on the northern bank of the Lhasa river.

You can use located in that sentence as well, but you may find it less natural to use situated in the sentence about Hamtramck, above.

Because situated carries the idea of context, you can also use it in to call forth the context in a more cogent way:

This sylvan abode is beautifully situated.

You get the idea of its being set in a lovely location surrounded by trees; your imagination likely fills in some more of the picture. Compare that with this:

This sylvan abode is beautifully located.

This seems to mean that the location is beautiful, or that whoever chose where to put it did a nice job. But it’s not quite as idiomatic. Add a bit more and you may see even clearer how situated seems to call forth context:

This sylvan abode is beautifully situated in the Green Mountains of Vermont.

This sylvan abode is beautifully located in the Green Mountains of Vermont.

Compare this with the dot-on-the-map approach:

I’m trying to find West Clarksville; I don’t know where it’s located.

I’m trying to find West Clarksville; I don’t know where it’s situated.

Inasmuch as you’d use the second one, you’d probably be talking about the surroundings, not just the coordinates – unless you just felt you should use a word that’s one syllable longer.

There’s one more thing that affects the sense of the two words: situate also carries an echo of situation, which has a much broader range of usage than location:

How did you get me into this situation?

How did you get me into this location?

There’s also the question of the sounds – located has the liquid /l/ and the hard /k/, while situated has a voiceless fricative and affricate hissing and catching – and the rhythm, with located a dactyl and situated two feet of trochaic rhythm. Indeed, you will often make the choice less on the basis of semantics and connotations and more on the basis of where the word is located. Or, rather, where it is situated.

Hamtramck

This name of a small city surrounded by the city of Detroit first caught my attention long ago just because of its appearance. First of all, it has the mck, which you just don’t see in English. How is that supposed to be pronounced? Secondly, it looked to me like an overstuffed version of Amtrak. And it has that ham-sandwich note as well.

I haven’t spent long hours contemplating the name of this city, but I haven’t forgotten it. And then this evening it came up when my friend Brian was telling me about his recent trip to Detroit. Detroit, it turns out, is in some ways a place very much worth a visit; in fact, Brian is planning to go back. Yes, it’s famous for being a hollowed-out city, its population reduced by more than a million in recent decades, block after block after block of abandoned houses, and even abandoned office buildings in the heart of the city. But there are still people who live there, and they like to do and be the same sorts of things as people elsewhere.

And it’s currently a very good place for internet startups and art studios and other funky small businesses that can choose what city to be located in and may very well choose a city where real estate is currently very inexpensive. Brian showed me a couple of real estate ads he had seen: one for a 9600-square-foot mansion with seven bedrooms and eight fireplaces and a ballroom and hardwood floors and so on, all for about $400,000; and one for a two-storey building, formerly a Polish veterans’ association (if I recall correctly), looking to be over 4000 square feet, for about $120,000.

The latter property was in fact in Hamtramck. Hamtramck has a few distinctions. The village of Hamtramck was established in 1901; a Dodge plant opened there in 1914, and the village incorporated as a city in 1922 to resist absorption into Detroit. It was able to do so because its population had grown to about 50,000, thanks to the manufacture of cars (so much for Amtrak!). And most of them were Polish.

Hamtramck has a long history of being a very, very Polish city. In 1970, 90% of its residents were of Polish origin. That has changed – now it’s more like 15% – but the city is a city of immigrants, with a very international flavour, and the Polish culture is still very important, with the St. Florian Church in the heart of the city (its cornerstone is inscribed in Latin and Polish) and much of the culture and celebrations Polish in origin.

So it’s not all that surprising that many people think Hamtramck is a Polish name. It’s a non-English-looking name, after all, and the city has a strongly Polish culture. But Hamtramck is not a word that could occur in Polish any more than it could in English. And the Polish residents moved to Hamtramck after it was founded. The village was actually named after the township of which it was a part. The township was founded in 1798.

Where did the township get its name? From the commandant of Detroit at the time, a colonel who had served in the Revolutionary War. Who was he? A native of Québec: Jean-François Hamtramck. Yes, Hamtramck is a name from France. Not that it looks much like one. The m’s would thus be just nasalizations of the preceding vowels.

But that, of course, is not how it’s said in Hamtramck, Michigan. After all, it’s surrounded by a city with a French name that is not said in the French way at all (I mean Detroit, from French détroit, ‘strait’). Nope, they don’t say it the French way and, although it’s physically possible to say “amk,” that’s not an English set of sounds. So it’s “ham-tram-ick.” Which means it has become one of those uncommon words with a vowel that is said but not written, sticking in there like a little city in the middle of a much bigger city.

delicacy

Language learning du jour number 1: Delicacy is very often preceded by the words It’s considered a.

Life learning du jour number 1: When someone says of something “It’s considered a delicacy,” the odds are pretty good that it’s something that you would not find in your local deli – and that you probably can’t imagine stomaching.

Corollary suspicion: Some people in some places call things delicacies just to see who they can get to eat them.

Life learning du jour number 2: When people have to eat something exceptional due to force of circumstance for long enough, a certain culinary Stockholm syndrome develops and they come to love it. See haggis and retsina.

Googlefacts du jour: If you Google “considered a delicacy” you find the following things declared to be considered delicacies:

spider monkey meat
humans
camel hump
prime grade USDA beef
worms
eyeballs
urine-soaked eggs
Maine lobster
sea turtle meat
horse meat
cat meat
bear paws
duck
armadillo
shark fins
young goats
caviar

And that’s just the first two pages. On page 3 of the results I get a link to a PopCrunch article, “12 of the Most Disgusting Delicacies,” which I was going to list here but I would actually lose readers permanently. And some of them would actually lose their dinners permanently.

And yet people eat these things. And enjoy them. Apparently.

Do some of the things in the list seem a bit out of place? Prime grade USDA beef, perhaps? Quite disgusting to many a vegetarian. (“I’ll have yours, then,” is my usual response, but…) Some people love horse meat, but apparently Brits are shocked at the idea of eating it. Caviar? Have you seen Tom Hanks reacting to it in the movie Big? And how about Maine lobster? They used to be considered sea garbage, bottom-feeders. And even now not everyone likes them. My wife calls them disgusting sea insects. The whole phrase, every time, in place of the word lobsters. And usually accompanied by a shudder.

So I’ll have hers, then, of course. But I grew up in Alberta, where they serve lobster in restaurants all neatly filleted and set on top of the shell. In New England, you’re expected to don a bib and rip freshly boiled lobsters apart with your bare hands, which is messy – and there’s this gross green goop that comes out of the middle. Someone will inevitably school you: “That’s called the tomalley. It’s considered a delicacy.”

Meaning you’re supposed to pretend you’re not disgusted by it.

I am a bit of an adventuresome eater, to be sure. When I was eating with some friends in Puebla, Mexico, there was a dish made with maguey worms on the menu. I considered ordering it until I was told by the young woman whose presence was motivating mine there that if I did, I was eating at another table and they didn’t know me.

But everyone draws a line somewhere. And on the other side of that line, pretty much all those horrid things you would never dream of eating are “considered a delicacy” somewhere.

So evidently they’re considered delicacies because they will leave your stomach feeling mighty delicate.

Why, in fact, are foods that some people consider great treats (at least supposedly) and are willing to pay a lot of money for (because of their rarity, which may be the real motivating factor) called delicacies? Delicacy is, after all, the state of being delicate, or a thing that is delicate. The word itself has a certain delicacy on the tongue, touching off the tip and then licking and crackling and hissing – sounds and senses of many an exquisite dining experience, to be sure, but that’s not enough.

In fact, it’s because delicate had many more senses originally than it generally has now. The Latin source, delicatus (or, depending on gender, delicata or delicatum), meant ‘alluring, charming, tender, dainty’ – all those positively delicious traits that are often associated with both fine food and attractive women. In modern usage, it is mainly the ‘fine, dainty, fragile’ senses that have persisted. But the word delicacy has retained the ‘exquisite fineness, delightfulness’ sense much more.

It’s almost surprising, really, given our historic association of fine dining with the French, that we’re not using a directly French version of this Latinate word. The French word is délicatesse, and it’s rarely used in English. But, as it happens, German and Dutch borrowed it. The German/Dutch plural form of the word was then used to name an establishment that sold fine foods: German Delikatessen, Dutch delicatessen. We usually call such a place a deli for short.

So next time someone offers you worms, or eyeballs, or chicken feet, or sea insects, if you don’t feel like eating them, you can opt for pastrami. You’re covered. It’s a delicacy.

A naughty chemistry poem

I think it’s about time for another poem from Songs of Love and Grammar (my book of salacious verse about English usage, available at Lulu.com and Amazon.com). This one is a naughty chemistry poem – by which I mean both a naughty poem about chemistry and a poem about naughty chemistry. It is larded with abbreviations from the periodic table – e.g., Fe for iron. To read it correctly you need to read the abbreviations as the full names of the elements. If you’re stuck, no worries: I’ve made a video of it.

The elements of lust

I met a chemist just by chance
in the Pd at a dance.
I’m a bit of a B the dancing floor,
so I thought I’d try a little more.
I asked, “Would it be much amiss
to lead a Rn your mouth with a little kiss?”
She said, “Oh, please, don’t get me wrong.
It’s just – your W inches long.”
“I know,” I said. “It’s fun for play,
though when I it’s in the way.”
She said, “Then let’s be somewhat bolder,
with my right Ne your left shoulder.
The days Ar when I would shy –
they’re dead; let’s Ba, say bye-bye.”
My sense of shame I’d S a Ni,
so we commenced some slap and tickle,
but even I turn Cd red
to think of where our actions Pb…
The host told us we had to stop or
we’d be dragged off by a Cu;
it took some Au to Fe it out.
But this adventure left no doubt:
in love, I’m not so sentimental…
I’ll take a girl who’s elemental.

Now here’s the video:

The various chemical symbols, which have to be pronounced as the full name of the element, are: Pd = palladium, B = boron, Rn = radon, W = tungsten, I = iodine, Ne = neon, Ar = argon, Ba = barium, S = sulfur, Ni = nickel, Cd = cadmium, Pb = lead, Cu = copper, Au = gold, Fe = iron. Note that the I in line 10 is iodine, not simply the first-person singular pronoun. Cadmium red is a bright red.

boon

Visual: Just look at that pair of expectant eyes in the middle of the word, oo. At the same time, you may see the word as like a soap bubble: you blow it from the bubble wand b; it floats along o o, but ultimately pops, perhaps when it hits something, n.

In the mouth: Saying this word is also a bit like blowing a bubble – or a kiss. You make the puff of air from the lips and hold them puckered to blow, finally diverting the air through the nose by stopping the flow with the tongue.

Echoes: You might think of Daniel Boone or Pat Boone (or you might not); you will probably get the tastes of boo, boom, and bone. You might think of a boon as a sort of benny, and that could bring you to notice the modest resemblance between boon and benny.

Etymology: Boon is not related to benny, but it is to bene – not the Latin word for ‘good’ but the now-obsolete English word for ‘prayer, petition’. The noun boon comes from the Old Norse sister to that word; a boon was originally a prayer request, and then a thing granted in prayer, and then any good thing granted – or simply a big boost, maybe a mini-boom. This is also influenced by the adjective boon, which means ‘good’ or ‘convivial’ (as in boon companion) and comes from French bon.

Collocations: The verb to go with boon is generally grant (although one may first ask for one). Boons are often great or tremendous; they may be economic or financial. There are a few little-used compounds, generally relating to old English agrarian customs: boon-day, boon-man, boon-work, boon-ploughing, boon-loaf, boon-shearing.

Overtones: Although this word starts with boo, it really draws on boom and boost and has the warmth of a bosom. It is a consciously literary word, but not an ornate one; it suggests formality, but the formality of either a robed supplicant or a spokesperson in a business suit.

Semantics: Probably the best synonym for boon, as Visual Thesaurus points out, is blessing. That relates back to its original use and yet also draws on the looser sense for many current usages: “Increased tourism has been a real [boon/blessing] for this small town.”

Where to find it: You probably won’t find it in casual conversation, friendly emails, text messages, et cetera. But you can find it in newspapers, articles, and assorted other non-fiction; you may even find it in fiction – novels and plays – although my suspicion is that it will be more common in the older ones.